Dr. Grossman’s Blog

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A recent article in Medscape Today reviews approaches to preventing and curing glaucoma (diseases that damage the optic nerve) through the employment of “neuroprotective agents.”   According to the article “neuroprotection aims to protect as yet undamaged, and to rescue already damaged neurons, from the glaucoma insult(s) to retinal ganglion cells.”

In addition to describing more traditional pharmaceutical options for fighting glaucoma, the review includes a discussion of several antioxidants including melatonin, Coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and ginkgo biloba.  Antioxidants, a more natural approach than the pharmaceuticals in the study, may be helpful neuroprotective agents.

Learn more about how to prevent and treat glaucoma naturally at our website.

Retinitis Pigmentosa (pigmentosis) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the retina that can cause a profound loss of vision. Various hereditary patterns have been reported. This disease affects 1 out of 3700 people.

A study published in the Archives of Ophthalmology showed that taking 15,000 IU of Vitamin A per day can slow the progression of retinitis pigmentosa.  On the other hand, this same study showed that taking Vitamin E supplements actually accelerated vision decline.

Photo by Furryscaly

The conventional medical opinion posits that there is no treatment or cure for retinitis pigmentosa, but we believe that a progressive approach to maintaining a healthful diet and lifestyle can slow down RP, and, in some cases, even help to preserve vision.  In addition to Vitamin A, supplementing the diet with lutein, omega-3 fatty acids, other antioxidants and COQ10 have all been shown to benefit RP sufferers.

For more information on retinitis pigmentosa research, visit our website.

Fresh-cut fruits is one of the fastest growing food categories in U.S. supermarkets, but what effect does processing and storage have on the nutritional value of the fruit?

Surprisingly, an international team of scientists has found that cutting and packaging fruit had almost no affect on the main antioxidants.

Their report, published in the Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, shows that fresh-cut fruit retains vitamin C and other healthful antioxidants after days on the shelf.

The researchers obtained pineapples, mangoes, cantaloupes, watermelons, strawberries and kiwifruits from wholesale commercial sources in California.  The fruit was taken to a laboratory at the University of California in Davis. Half of each lot was processed as fresh-cut and half left whole.

Both lots were refrigerated under identical conditions for nine days and then tested for nutrient content. Tests showed only small losses of antioxidant compounds in the cut fruit compared to fruit left whole. Levels of some antioxidants in fresh-cut mango and watermelon actually increased due to exposure to light.

In general, researchers found that fresh-cut fruits visually spoil before any significant nutrient loss occurs. 

Learn more about antioxidants

Read other articles about the benefits of antioxidants for good eye health

SOURCE:  Quality Changes and Nutrient Retention in Fresh-Cut versus Whole Fruits during Storage, Gil et al, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54 (12), pp 4284–4296.

A new European study suggests that the combination of low levels of antioxidants and blue light exposure from the sun is associated with certain forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

The EUREYE study, led by Astrid Fletcher, Professor of Epidemiology of Ageing at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, is the first to report an adverse association between sunlight exposure and AMD in people with low levels of antioxidants.

It is known that the eye is vulnerable to the damaging effects of sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the lens, but visible or “blue” light penetrates to the retina, enabling us to see. Protection against the harmful effects of blue light is provided by antioxidant enzymes—including vitamins C and E, the carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and zinc.

Researchers measured levels of these nutrients in the blood of 4,753 older adults (average age 73.2) who were part of the European Eye Study. Participants were interviewed about their lifetime sunlight exposure and had photographs taken of their retinas to detect AMD.

Participants with the lowest concentrations of antioxidants in the blood were found to be most at risk of AMD due to blue light exposure. In fact, participants with the combination of blue light exposure and low levels of zeaxanthin, alpha tocopherol and Vitamin C were nearly four times more likely to develop AMD. Researchers also noted that blue light exposure in middle age might be more damaging than at younger ages.

Professor Fletcher comments: ‘In the absence of cost-effective screening methods to identify people in the population with early AMD, we suggest that recommendations on protecting the eyes, ensuring that diets contain the right nutrients and antioxidants, are targeted at the general population, and especially middle-aged people’.

Study authors don’t advise people to stay out of the sun altogether — sunlight is important for its role in vitamin D synthesis. However, they do recommend avoiding exposing eyes to too much sunlight by wearing a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses when outdoors.

In addition, study authors advise consumption of key antioxidants, which can be accomplished by consuming recommended dietary intake levels of vitamin C and zinc and increasing consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables.

Learn more about macular degeneration

Read more about antioxidants and nutrient food sources for good eye health

SOURCE: Fletcher AE et al. Sunlight exposure, antioxidants, and age-related macular degeneration. Archives Ophthalmology 2008; 126:1396-1403.

Research shows bilberry extract helps fight against macular degeneration and cataracts in lab rats

Cataracts and macular degeneration are the major cause of vision deterioration in the elderly. A study by Russian scientists shows that taking bilberry supplements may help ward off these diseases.

Researchers used a particular strain of lab rats (OXYS rats) capable of reproducing many of the key features of human age-related cataracts and macular degeneration. From 1.5 to 3 months, these rats were given either a control diet or a diet supplemented with bilberry extract.

At 3 months, more then 70% of the rats in the control group had cataract and macular degeneration. Rats in the group given bilberry extract had no impairments in the lenses and retina.

Bilberry is also known as European blueberry, and is closely related to North American wild and cultivated blueberries and huckleberries. Bilberry is known to be a potent antioxidant and has been shown to help other vision problems such as glaucoma. (Read more about bilberry and glaucoma).

Results suggest that long-term supplementation with bilberry extract is effective in prevention of macular degeneration and cataract.

Read more research on cataracts and macular degeneration

Learn about natural bilberry supplements

Source: “Dietary supplementation with bilberry extract prevents macular degeneration and cataracts in senesce-accelerated OXYS rats”, Fursova et al, Adv Gerontol, 2005; 16: 76-9.

Antioxidants not only help prevent some eye diseases, they may also help limit progression of the diseases

It’s known that taking antioxidants helps delay the onset of some eye diseases associated with aging, such as cataract. Now researchers believe that antioxidants can be effective if damage to retinal tissue has already set in.

Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine studied the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage to retinal tissue. An increase in ROS levels can result in significant damage to cell structures — a situation known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a significant risk factor in the development of many eye diseases associated with aging.

Since the formation of cataract is a well-defined progressive disease, believed to be related to a continued generation of ROS in the aqueous humor, the researchers hypothesized that even a late start with an appropriate antioxidant could halt the process and delay cataract development and vision impairment.

The results? Adding pyruvate – known to be an effective ROS scavenger — to lens cultures after lenses had sustained 50% damage was significantly effective in preventing progress.

Pyruvate can be found in foods such as red apples, and to a lesser extent, in dark beer and some cheeses.

Learn more about antioxidants

Read more about antioxidants and their importance in maintaining healthy vision

SOURCE:  “Oxidative damage to lens in culture: reversibility by pyruvate and ethyl pyruvate”, Varma, et al, Ophthalmologica, 2008; 222 (3):194-198.

A study conducted in North India found that people with low levels of antioxidants had higher levels of cataracts.

Several recent studies have shown antioxidants are important in fighting macular degeneration. We are now learning how important these same antioxidants may be for preventing cataracts as well.

How can you boost your antioxidant levels? Eat more fruits and vegetables, especially those high in yellow, orange and dark green pigments.

In this new study 1,112 participants aged 50 or older were interviewed for risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, biomass fuel use, sunlight exposure and socioeconomic status) and underwent lens photography and blood sampling to measure antioxidant levels.

Researchers found significant inverse associations between cataracts and the antioxidants vitamin C, zeaxanthin, lutein, lycopene, alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin; people with lower levels of these antioxidants had higher rates of cataracts.

Read more about antioxidants

Learn more about cataracts

Learn more about food sources for nutrients crucial for good eye health

Read more research on antioxidants and their importance for vision

SOURCE: Dherani M, Murthy GV, Gupta SK, et al. Blood levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and retinol are inversely associated with cataract in a North Indian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49(8):3328-35.